Astronomical apparatus.



J. G. MOORE.

ASTEONOMIOAL APPARATUS.

APPLIOATION FILED APR-30. 1908.

WITNESSE-S:

J. G. MOORE. ASTRONOMIGAL APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED APE.30,1908.

WITNESSES J2 sse Q M 00% ATTORNEY.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JESSE C. MOORE, OF INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR TO COLUMBIA SCHOOLSUPPLY COMPANY, OF INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, A CORPORATION OF INDIANA.

ASTRONOMIGAL APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 26, 1909.

Application filed. April 30, 1908. Serial No. 430,048.

useful Astronomical Apparatus; and I do hereby declare that thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals refer tolike parts.

The object of this invention is to provide an astronomical apparatus forschool use to illustrate the relative movements of the earth and otherheavenly bodies. It includes the features of a tellurium, planetariumand lunarium, although some of the movements of the astronomical bodiesin this device are not provided for by it, such, for instance, as theellipticity of the earths orbit around the sun, the orbit of the earthin the device herein shown being circular for the sake of simplicity.

The chief feature of this invention consists in the simplicity of thestructure and the means insuring the positiveness of action of thevarious parts so that it will be a practical device for school use. Theparts are strong and driven by gearing, as a rule, and the device is avery simple one for making the many demonstrations for which it isqualified.

This device moves the earth around the sun in a circular orbit and saidmovement simultaneously causes the diurnal movement of the earth, theannular changes of position of the earth with reference to the sun, thechanges of the position of the moon with reference to the earth and sun,and also the changes of position of one of the other planets withreference to the sun and earth. It may be added that theproportionalmovements of the various parts of the device are arbitraryin order to render the device practical.

The full nature of this invention will be understood from theaccompanying drawings and the following description and claims.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a side eleva-v tion of the device. Fig. 2 isa central vertical section through the mounting of the sun, parts beingbroken away. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the device. Fig. 4 is a simplevertical section through the means for the mounting of the earth andmoon. Fig. 5

disk 48.

is a central section, substantially vertical, through the means formounting the earth on the arm that carries it.

The stand has a vertical bearing 11 centrally secured in it on which thestation ary disk 12 is secured, said disk having an annular rack 13 onits upper side. The sun 14 is mounted on the bolt 15 that screws intothe stationary bearing 11 to which the sun is removably secured. Arotary disk 17 is mounted on the bolt 15 with a downwardly extendingrack 18 over the rack 13 so that the pinion 19 will mesh with bothracks, as seen in Fig. 2. To the disk 17 a rod 20- is secured thatcarries on its outer end a planet 21 which may represent Mars. Thisplanet 21 is revoluble around the sun 14 by the revolution of the disk17. A horizontal bar is mounted on the stand 10 below the disk 12 andrevolves about the bearing 11. It has a handle 31 whereby it may berevolved. Two posts 32 extend upwardly from said bar 30 and in them ashaft 33 is mounted on which the pinion 19 is secured. The end of saidshaft has also a bearing in a collar or spacer 34 surrounding the bolt15.

On the outer end of the bar 30, as shown in Fig. 4, the stationary bolt46 is secured. About the lower portion of this bolt a sleeve 47 ismounted that has a disk 48 at 'its lower end which rests upon the bar30.

Said disk has an annular rack 49 on its upper side which is engaged bythe pinion 50 secured on the shaft 33. Another sleeve 51 surrounds thelower part of the sleeve 47 and on the lower end of the sleeve 51 thereis another disk 52 that rests upon the lower The disk 52 has an annularrack 53 on its upper side that is engaged and driven by the pinion 54that is also secured to the shaft 33. There is a loose collar 55 restingupon the disk 52 and surrounding the sleeve 51 and in which the end ofthe shaft 33 has bearing.

The earth is mounted on the rectangular arm 61 that extends rigidly fromthe collar 62, which is held by a set-screw 63 on the upper end of thesleeve 47. Therefore, the arm 61 with the earth on it revolves about thebolt 46 by the power transmitted to the disk 48 through the pinion 50and shaft 33. The earth is mounted rota-tably on the upper part of thearm 61, that is, there is an upwardly extending tube form- V the sleeve51.: Themoon is held in the-right: relation to. the earth. by a=spur 74extending upward. from. the rod 71 and riding upon the disk: 75 that issecured tothe sleeve 47. This disk. 75.is almost horizontal but notquite so,

ing a part of said arm 61 in which a pin 63 loosely projects With ashoulder 64=-thereon that is surrounded by rubber or like material 65Which frictionally engages the hori zontal disk or Wheel 66 secured onthe upper end of the bolt 46. The arm 61 is so'shaped that it supportsthe ball. 60, Which represents the earth, With its axis inclined at anangle of 23 degrees to a horizontal line or to the Wheel 66. Thefrictional engagement of' therubber 65 on. the-Wheel 66" causes therotation of the ball 6O to represent the diurnal rotation of the earth.

A ball 7 Orepresenting the moon: is mount- .ed on. vairectangular rod'71 Wltll'dtS inner end yoked and pivoted. to each side of acol-l lar.72Which is secured on: the upper end of being-tilted 'ata slight angle toa horizontal plane. Therefore, as the moonrevolves around the earth,.itsvertical position in this device graduallychanges by reason-of theinclined diskon Which the spur 74: rides.

Thevmode: of operation. is as follows:

With the operators hand on the handle 31: .of the bar 30, said bar isslowly revolved and 1 as .it revolves the pinion 19 is rotated .by

reason .ofits engagement With the stationary.rack 13, and, therefore,the disk 17 .is revolved and thusrthe planet 21-caused to revolve aboutthe-sun.:. The rotation. of the pinion. 19 actuates the shaft 33 and: itsimul-' I taneously revolves the disks 48 and .52. The

rotation. of the disk 48 causes the earth -.to

revolve about. a .vertical axis through. the :bolt 46"and-iby reasonuof:theengagement of part 64 from the earth 6O With the stationary; disk66" the diurnal the rubber 65 on the rotation .of .the earth :is' causedlat" the same time. Thetrotation of the disk 52 causes t-he revolutionof the moon about the-earth and the relation :of the-moon-tothe earth isregulated and-modified-by the inclined disk 7 5'on.Which the spur/7 1rides. The relative movements of :thesevarious parts are pre.-'deterrnined'by the relative sizes of the gears.

What BI claimuas myinventi'on and desire to :secureby-Letters Patent is:

1.; An astronomical. apparatus for schools including aastand, a sunmounted thereon, a =hor1zontal bar mounted on said stand so as tobeerevoluble horizontally, a stationary annular rack, a-.-revoluble diskWith an: an-

nular rack registeringwith and opposite said stationary rack, a planetmounted in com- "nection with. said disk; a shaft mounted on:

said=revoluble arrnwith a pinion secured: thereto meshing With both ofsaid racks, an earth arevolubly mounted ons :the outer endof said bar,and means actuated by'said shaft for causing the revolutionof :the earth:to-

"thereon. With an. annular rack With' a. central upwardlyextendingsleeve, a pin-ion onsaid shaft forr engagingssai-d raok','.an:arm :se:cured to said .sleeve with its outerzend-iex tending: upwardly: at ian. angle of r about .23 degrees to. a vertical line; aportionzrotatably mounted on. the upwardly extending-part of said arm,an earth secured on said rotatable portion .of said arm, and.=a;.stationary disk mounted .on LSELiCl bearing, :bolt that friction-.-allysengages arotatable portion connected With :the earth forrotatingiitasitheearths.

revolves. 3. An astronomical-apparatus:for schoolsincluding a stand, 'a'sun mounteduthereony a '1 horizontal bar-.mounted on said- .standso as.to revolve horizontally, a:.stati onary .annular;

rack mounted in. conneotionrvvlth sa1d.stand,..95

a. shaft "mounted. .on-zsaidfbar .Wlth? a pinion thereon engaging Withsaid rack, a vertical? bearing bolt? secured in the. outer ;end;of saidbar, a horizontal-"disk revolubly mountedw thereon; with. an annularsrackuvvith. a.-.cent-ral- .1 0 r upwardly extending! sleeve, av pinion"on said shaft forzengaging said rack, ansarmase-y cured-to: said-sleevewithiits outer 'end exetending upwardly 7 at an: :angle. of about. '23

degrees to:averticalline,a-second 'disk-.rev-. 1053.:

olubly mounted on the sleeve of thefirst. named disk'iand with :anannular rack 1 and central upwardly extending sleeve, a pinion." jonsaidshaft for. revolving said -'last::menL-.

tioned :disk, a. rod .extendingzfrom said; last mentioned. sleeveand-revoluble thereby and a moon mounted. on said'ro'd. 4.Anastronomical apparatuszfor: schools-2 including: a stand, a'sunmounted thereon, a

horizontal bar mounted :onasaidrstand' so as to revolve horizontally, 'astationaryannular. rack mounted in connection with' said stand,- a shaftmounted onw-said. bar-with a pinionfl thereon engaging With said rack, avertical bearing bolt secured in the 'outer :endfof said bar, a-.horizontaludisk revolubly mounted:;, thereon With an annular:racklvvithi a central: upwardly extending sleeve, a pinion onsaidshaftwfor engaging said raok,.i an arm. se

'cured'to said sleevewith its-*outnendaexatendingupwardlyat an angle-ofabout- 23 degrees to a'vertical line,"a=sec01:1d:.blisk:;rev-- :olublymounted on the sleeve" of the firstu named disk and With :an annularrackfand;

:centrali upwardly extendingisleeve,:a-pinion:; 5

on said shaft for revolving said last men- I In Witness whereof, I havehereunto aftioned disk, a rod pivoted to said last menfixed my signaturein the presence of the wit- 10 tioned sleeve, a moon mounted on theouter nesses herein named.

end of said rod a disk secured to said first mentioned sleeve andinclined at a slight JESSE MOORE angle to a horizontal plane, and a spurex- Witnesses:

tending from said rod and riding upon said J. H. SWAN,

disk. I OLIVE BREEDEN.

